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Что (кто) такое case based reasoning - определение
APPROACH TO SOLVE NEW CASE ON SOLUTION OF SIMILAR PREVIOUS CASE
Case based reasoning
![French]].<!-- Please replace this with a diagram in English; most readers (I assume) won't understand the diagram in French. ~Duckmather -->](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CBR steps.png?width=200 "French]].<!-- Please replace this with a diagram in English; most readers (I assume) won't understand the diagram in French. ~Duckmather -->")
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case based reasoning
<artificial intelligence> (CBR) A technique for problem
solving which looks for previous examples which are similar to
the current problem. This is useful where heuristic
knowledge is not available.
There are many situations where experts are not happy to be
questioned about their knowledge by people who want to write
the knowledge in rules, for use in expert systems. In most
of these situations, the natural way for an expert to describe
his or her knowledge is through examples, stories or cases
(which are all basically the same thing). Such an expert will
teach trainees about the expertise by apprenticeship, i.e. by
giving examples and by asking the trainees to remember them,
copy them and adapt them in solving new problems if they
describe situations that are similar to the new problems. CBR
aims to exploit such knowledge.
Some key research areas are efficient indexing, how to define
"similarity" between cases and how to use temporal
information.
(1996-05-28)
Textual case-based reasoning
AREA IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Textual Case Based Reasoning; Textual case based reasoning
Textual case-based reasoning (TCBR) is a subtopic of case-based reasoning, in short CBR, a popular area in artificial intelligence. CBR suggests the ways to use past experiences to solve future similar problems, requiring that past experiences be structured in a form similar to attribute-value pairs.
Model-based reasoning
Model based reasoning
In artificial intelligence, model-based reasoning refers to an inference method used in expert systems based on a model of the physical world. With this approach, the main focus of application development is developing the model.
Case system
![Балахн'''е'''}}'')'' is in the dative case in ''Balakhne 500 Let'' ('Balakhna is 500 years old', literally '[There is] 500 years to Balakhna') on the front of the sign. Furthermore, ''let'' is in the genitive (plural) case.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/E7127-Balakhna-500-Years.jpg?width=200 "Балахн'''е'''}}'')'' is in the dative case in ''Balakhne 500 Let'' ('Balakhna is 500 years old', literally '[There is] 500 years to Balakhna') on the front of the sign. Furthermore, ''let'' is in the genitive (plural) case.")
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY WHOSE VALUE REFLECTS THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION PERFORMED BY A NOUN OR PRONOUN IN A PHRASE, CLAUSE, OR SENTENCE
Noun case; Case (linguistics); Case (grammar); Case ending; Grammatical cases; Case system; Case endings; Case (language); Case marking; Morphological case; Noun cases; Language case; English cases; Noun cases in English; Cases (grammar)
·add. ·- The system of teaching law in which the instruction is primarily a historical and inductive study of leading or selected cases, with or without the use of textbooks for reference and collateral reading.
Grammatical case
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY WHOSE VALUE REFLECTS THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION PERFORMED BY A NOUN OR PRONOUN IN A PHRASE, CLAUSE, OR SENTENCE
Noun case; Case (linguistics); Case (grammar); Case ending; Grammatical cases; Case system; Case endings; Case (language); Case marking; Morphological case; Noun cases; Language case; English cases; Noun cases in English; Cases (grammar)
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals), which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories.
case system
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY WHOSE VALUE REFLECTS THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION PERFORMED BY A NOUN OR PRONOUN IN A PHRASE, CLAUSE, OR SENTENCE
Noun case; Case (linguistics); Case (grammar); Case ending; Grammatical cases; Case system; Case endings; Case (language); Case marking; Morphological case; Noun cases; Language case; English cases; Noun cases in English; Cases (grammar)
n. the method of studying law generally used in American law schools, in which the students read, outline (brief), discuss and hear lectures about the cases. Each case presented stands for a particular rule of law in the subject matter covered and is contained in "casebooks" on particular topics (contracts, torts, criminal law, constitutional law, agency, etc.). The system is useful since it relates the law to real and factual situations which assist students in memorization and encourages deductive reasoning. The case system is reinforced by textbooks and outlines on the subject matter, which were formerly the principal sources of learning. The method was introduced first at Harvard in 1869 by professor Christopher C. Langdell and soon became standard.
case-sensitive
ONE OF TWO OPTIONS FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL DIFFERENCES OF LETTER CASE WHEN COMPARING OR SEARCHING FOR TEXTS (EXAMPLE: CASE SENSITIVE COMPARISON OF "DOG" WITH "DOG" RETURNS "DIFFERENT")
Case-sensitive; Case sensitive; Smash case; Case-insensitive; Case Sensitivity; Case insensitive; Case insensitivity; Case insensitiv; Case sensitiv; Case-sensitiv; Case-insensitiv; Case-sensitivity; Case Sensitive
In computing, if a written word such as a password is case-sensitive, it must be written in a particular form, for example using all capital letters or all small letters, in order for the computer to recognize it. (COMPUTING)
ADJ
Case sensitivity
ONE OF TWO OPTIONS FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL DIFFERENCES OF LETTER CASE WHEN COMPARING OR SEARCHING FOR TEXTS (EXAMPLE: CASE SENSITIVE COMPARISON OF "DOG" WITH "DOG" RETURNS "DIFFERENT")
Case-sensitive; Case sensitive; Smash case; Case-insensitive; Case Sensitivity; Case insensitive; Case insensitivity; Case insensitiv; Case sensitiv; Case-sensitiv; Case-insensitiv; Case-sensitivity; Case Sensitive
In computers, case sensitivity defines whether uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as distinct (case-sensitive) or equivalent (case-insensitive). For instance, when users interested in learning about dogs search an e-book, "dog" and "Dog" are of the same significance to them.
case-sensitive
ONE OF TWO OPTIONS FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL DIFFERENCES OF LETTER CASE WHEN COMPARING OR SEARCHING FOR TEXTS (EXAMPLE: CASE SENSITIVE COMPARISON OF "DOG" WITH "DOG" RETURNS "DIFFERENT")
Case-sensitive; Case sensitive; Smash case; Case-insensitive; Case Sensitivity; Case insensitive; Case insensitivity; Case insensitiv; Case sensitiv; Case-sensitiv; Case-insensitiv; Case-sensitivity; Case Sensitive
¦ adjective Computing differentiating between capital and lower-case letters.
case insensitive
ONE OF TWO OPTIONS FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL DIFFERENCES OF LETTER CASE WHEN COMPARING OR SEARCHING FOR TEXTS (EXAMPLE: CASE SENSITIVE COMPARISON OF "DOG" WITH "DOG" RETURNS "DIFFERENT")
Case-sensitive; Case sensitive; Smash case; Case-insensitive; Case Sensitivity; Case insensitive; Case insensitivity; Case insensitiv; Case sensitiv; Case-sensitiv; Case-insensitiv; Case-sensitivity; Case Sensitive
Википедия
Case-based reasoning
In artificial intelligence and philosophy, case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems.
In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legal precedents or a judge who creates case law is using case-based reasoning. So, too, an engineer copying working elements of nature (practicing biomimicry), is treating nature as a database of solutions to problems. Case-based reasoning is a prominent type of analogy solution making.
It has been argued that case-based reasoning is not only a powerful method for computer reasoning, but also a pervasive behavior in everyday human problem solving; or, more radically, that all reasoning is based on past cases personally experienced. This view is related to prototype theory, which is most deeply explored in cognitive science.
